Major Women Killer
Diseases in Nepal
By Ram Deo Pandit, APD Health Reporter
Breast Cancer
The data shows that 60 percent of women and teenage girls in the world die of breast cancer among other types of cancers. 80 percent of women in the world go for mammography at the early stage of breast cancer but Nepalese women follow the mammography at 3rd or 4th stage, which is the lethal phase of disease.
According to the WHO data of April 2011, Breast Cancer Deaths in Nepal reached 1,248 or 0.84% of total deaths. The age adjusted death rate is 12.92 per 100,000 population ranks Nepal, 142 in the world.
Besides unawareness, heredity, late pregnancy, consumption of alcohol and smoking persist among Nepalese women as common cause of breast cancer. In context of Nepal, even educated women are unaware of this disease and by the time they come to realize, it becomes too late. The recorded trend is, women after 40 years of age, most of the women in other countries go for mammography every year but in Nepal not even 1 percent women go for it. Though experts said that there are no factual data regarding breast cancer sufferers in Nepal, Medical experts have claimed that roughly 50,000 women are suffering from breast cancer. Government needs to focus and initiate researches in this field so that it will be easier to bring plans and programs to prevent breast cancer. World Health Organization (2010) ranked cervical cancer as the most frequent cancer among women of 15 to 44 years age in Nepal. It is also the biggest killer amongst all cancers in Nepali women. Cervical cancer starts in the squamous cells on the surface of the cervix and can be detected by Pap smear test and colposcopy. Due to the lack of technology accurate screening of cancer cases of the cervix in Nepal continues to be a major problem. CC is associated with sexual activities that include sex at an early age, frequency of the sex, and number of sexual partners. In addition, poor economic status, not getting HPV vaccine, drug (diethylstilbestrol) intake during pregnancy, and weaken immune system also causes cervical cancer. Most of the cervical cancers are caused by Human Papilloma Virus (HPV). The morbidity and mortality rates of cervix cancer are very high, so early detection and treatment is the only solution to it. Most of the time, early cervical cancer has no symptoms. However, symptoms that may include: abnormal vaginal bleeding between periods, after intercourse, or after menopause, continuous vaginal discharge, periods become heavier and last longer than usual. Treatment for more advanced cases is mainly by radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Mitomycin C, carboplatin is first line choice of drugs. Sometimes radiation and chemotherapy are used before or after surgery. Cervical cancer is totally preventable, so there is no excuse for not getting tested for it on time. HIV/AIDS: Women Suffer in Silence Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) has become a global crisis challenging the humanity of our time. Screening for HIV infection was started in the country in April, 1986 and the first case of HIV/AIDS was diagnosed in Nepal in July 1988 and was in a foreigner. With the increased rate of migration, trafficking within and across the country, child labor and injecting drug users, the HIV/AIDS rate has dramatically increased here in Nepal. There are between 24,649-28,359 female sex workers in Nepal with an estimated HIV prevalence of 1.69 percent. As per UN AIDS, the number of children with HIV was 75,000 (2005), number of women infected from HIV (15+) was 16,000 (2005). Imagine the increases through 10 years at now.
As of 2011, the male labor migrants comprise of 27% of total estimated HIV infections in Nepal.HIV infection rate among street-based sex workers in the Kathmandu Valley is 4.2%. A major challenge to HIV control is the trafficking of Nepalese girls and women into commercial sex market in India. About 50 percent of Nepal’s FSWs previously worked in Mumbai, and some 100,000 Nepalese women are still working there. It is estimated that 50 percent of Nepalese sex workers in Mumbai brothels are HIV positive (FHI 2004). Almost 60 percent of their clients mainly transport workers, members of the police or military, and migrant workers, do not use condoms.
在位于青白江欧洲产业城佛山耐适光学镜片精加工生产基地(简称“佛山精加工”)的厂房里,工人们正认真细致地调试设备,光学镜面通过铣磨、精磨、抛光、磨边等一道道工序,终于成型。这是青白江于今年新签约引进的项目,全面达产后,年产量可达1000万件。...
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